What are the legalities behind obtaining a private pilot license?

In the U.S., the FAA administration oversees the licensing for private pilots.   Per regulations, the minimum age for receiving a private pilot license is 17.  Although most private pilots are required to complete 60 to 70 hours of training before receiving certification, under Title 14 of the federal code part 141 a pilot can receive certification for an airplane or rotorcraft after 35 hours of training.  Medical certification may also be required. 

In the case of a deaf pilot, certification will indicate the limitation: "Not Valid for Flights Requiring the Use of Radio" (14 CFR section 61.13).  Before receiving licensure, private pilots must show basic aeronautical knowledge of federal aviation regulations for private pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations.  Additionally, pilots must know about accident reporting per National Transportation Safety Board regulations.

Achieving licensure as a private pilot, although not as complex as that required for commercial flying, is still a complicated network of laws and regulations that may require the consultation with an aviation attorney.